Curbing Deception : A world survey on legal regulation of so-called "conversion therapies"

L.R. Mendos, L.E. Aranda, T.Y. Brown

Throughout the 20th century, mental health practitioners resorted to medical experimentation, lobotomy, castration, masturbatory reconditioning, chemical and electroshock aversion therapy, hypnosis and other brutal and inhumane techniques in their attempts to modify sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. This report is an extensive global research into laws banning these discredited practices both at the national and subnational level. The report also explores the vast field of techniques that have been used in the past - and continue to be used today - for the purpose of attempting to alter lesbians, gays and bisexuals' sexual orientation, to prevent trans youth from transitioning or make trans people de-transition, or to force our gender expressions and roles to align with the social binary stereotypes of masculinity and femininity.